The Ki 54c was an early development of the Ki 54a and was an eight passenger or light cargo transport. It served with the Japanese Army Air Service for most of the war. Several examples were assigned to the Manchukuo government in what is now Korea and others went to the Chinese collaborationist government in occupied China. Yet others were captured by both the Chinese Nationalists and Communists and these aircraft were pressed into service. At the end of the war more aircraft fell into Chinese and North Korean hands and served with those forces until at least 1952. In IndoChina the returning French colonial forces acquired seven examples which they used until 1947. There is also photo evidence of at least one being used by US forces.