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P-51D 'Sierra Sue II' Repaint

Bomber_12th

SOH-CM-2025
I have uploaded this repaint to the file library here at SOH and at Flightsim.com, but rather than just leave it at that, I thought I would also make a special thread about it here. It's a big file, because I have included three different versions of the repaint, tailored to fit three different Warbirdsim products - you have the option to install it into either the "Little Friends", "Mustang Tales", or "Happy Jack's Go Buggy: Then and Now" products (the last of which is my personal preference). If you happen to own a Warbirdsim P-51D product, but neither of those three, and you still would like to use this repaint, please contact me and let me know which product version you have (each has their minor little differences). No matter which product you install the repaint into, the textures will all appear the same.

I have been working on this repaint, on and off, just as a little side project for some months now. I did this repaint for two reasons - one being that the real aircraft is one of my absolute favorite warbirds, having followed the restoration as close as possible for the three years it was at Aircorps Aviation - and secondly, I did this repaint as an experiment to continue to play around with different metal and paint effects, for a accurate result in the sim. I have provided some extensive documentation that I have put together with the repaint, and although I won't post it all here, I thought I'd share a bit of a background behind the real aircraft for which this repaint tries to faithfully depict.


'Sierra Sue II' is a rarity among surviving Mustangs, having been an actual documented WWII combat vet, having flown missions over Germany in April and May 1945 (it is one of only about 20 P-51D's, of roughly 170 Mustangs currently flying, that actually saw combat during WWII). After arriving in Europe in early 1945, the aircraft was assigned to the 402nd Fighter Squadron, 370th Fighter Group, of the 9th Air Force, and was stationed at the Advanced Landing Ground Y-32 Ophoven, near Zwartburg, Belgium. As soon as it arrived, the aircraft was assigned to Lt. Bob Bohna, who was in need of a replacement after having lost his P-51K 'Sierra Sue' due to combat damage (coolant leak and forced landing). The aircraft was immediately named 'Sierra Sue II', and nose art was applied over the course of a few days, consisting of a woman, covered by a "vanity bar", and a lightning bolt on each side of the fuselage. While the artwork that was applied was often believed to have been based on actress Fay McKenzie from the 1941 movie 'Sierra Sue' (or at least that is what the other pilots in the 402nd were allowed to believe), according to Bob Bohna's sister, the aircraft was named after a girl that Bohna liked back home, from his high school, named Suzanne Lang. The feelings weren't mutual between the two, however, and Suzanne Lang never knew that she had a P-51 named after her - she was already married to another USAAF pilot named Earl Holcomb, who named his B-17 the "Croix de Suzanne" (making Suzanne Lang possibly the only woman to have ever had two different aircraft named after her). The "vanity bar", in the form of a fence, featured in the nose art, has a unique symbol painted on it - as was also revealed by Bob Bohna's sister, this symbol is the brand marking that was and is still used today by the Bohna family on their cattle herd in Raymond, California.

When 'Sierra Sue II' entered combat, the war was already winding down, so while it did fly several missions over Germany, it never saw much action and never shot down any enemy planes (on one mission, Bohna did attempt to attack an Me-262, with this aircraft, but was too far out of range to get any hits from his bullets). In mid April the Squadron moved to Advanced Landing Ground Y-99 near Gütersloh, Germany, and on May 7, with the announcement of Germany's surrender, 'Sierra Sue II' and the rest of the 370th FG staged a formation flypast spelling out 'V E DAY'. The aircraft continued to be operated from Advanced Landing Grounds in Germany through the summer of '45, until it was placed into storage at Furth, Germany, pending disposal. The aircraft survives today, because it was considered to have low enough flying hours to be kept (200 or less), rather than scrapped. Following the end of WWII, the aircraft served with the Swedish AF as "Yellow K", and late with the Nicaraguan AF. (A more detailed history of its post-war years is included with the repaint files.)


In 2011, this aircraft was purchased by Paul Ehlen, and he had it sent to Aircorps Aviation to be restored to the exact way it was in April and May 1945, shortly after the nose art was applied. Through an unmatched level of research and dedication to accuracy, the result is this restoration, which took about 3 years to complete, is the most authentic and extensively researched P-51 ever restored. Every last detail is just as it would have been in April/May 1945. As written in the book Combat Vet P-51: The History of Sierra Sue II, WWII Survivor, by Chuck Cravens, "The decision for this restoration was to make her as close to what she was in Belgium and Germany in 1945 as safety and compliance with FAA directives allowed. The restoration goal is not a perfect, immaculately polished Mustang. That’s because she wouldn’t have been perfect at Inglewood, much less on duty. Production was rapid, scratches, zinc chromate and paint imperfections all happened as a matter of course."

Included with the repaint, I have written extensively about all of the authentic details of the restoration, and how this has all been reproduced in this repaint.


The main features of this repaint include:

- New from-scratch textures, including new normal maps.

- Accurate and varying levels of Alclad shine and reflectivity of each individual metal skin/panel - some shiny, some dull - matching the real aircraft.

- All markings were precisely laid-out using photographs aligned directly with panel lines and rivets or other features in the textures, and then all markings were hand-drawn to match, using accurately-matched colors. Each type of paint also has its own precise level and type of shine/reflective properties.

- Period-correct Alcoa aluminum watermarks are applied in the same manner and to the same specific skin surfaces as on the restored aircraft - some of these markings are still pristine, some are wearing away, and some are completely now worn off (following a year's worth of flying/cleaning).

- Three different rivet finishes - silver anodized, blue anodized, and yellow iridite - all applied matching the individual rivet finishes on the restored aircraft (on the real aircraft, this was done at random, mimicking the same random application at the factory, but for this repaint, the vast majority of the rivets match precisely each individual rivet on the restoration). All of the rivet finishes in the textures have shine and reflective properties matching the real rivets, creating different levels of contrast with the Alclad aluminum depending on angle of light and reflection.

- The wings are painted dull silver, with the first 1/3 of the wing filled with "Aerodynamic Smoothing Compound" (as NAA referred to it) and sanded smooth, covering all rivets, screws and panel lines in this region of the wings, as well as the outer most wing tip panel lines and screws, which were also filled and sanded over. In all of the areas where the rivets/screws/panel lines were not filled, that detail can still be seen. This is the way it was done from the factory, and the way it was done in the restoration.

- Matching in all of the same areas as on the real aircraft, bright sections on the aluminum surfaces denote areas where acid was hand-brushed onto the metal so as to etch/clean the surface, prior to spot welding taking place.

- The wheel wells, landing gear clamshell doors, and propeller textures have been customized to match all the details of the real aircraft, including the different primers and non-primered finishes, stencils, and Alcoa aluminum watermarks, from part to part.

- The textures for the machine guns in the wings have been customized with the application of the last three digits of Sierra Sue II's serial number, as per the real aircraft, and the placards in the cockpit have all been filled out with the correct numbers.


Furthermore, if you are not familiar with the real aircraft/restoration, please see the following links:

Restoration photo page: http://www.projects.aircorpsaviation.com/sierra-sue-ii/
Aircorps Aviation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aircorpsaviation/
Wings of the North Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Wings-of-The-North-328055004063/?fref=ts

A 2-hr film covering the full restoration: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BzGDUNgmL0
Video of the first post-restoration engine runs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwj-66GDS0A
Video from the cockpit of the first test flight - Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqM8qqIq_Ss and Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqSVllwMB_g


Also please be aware, as I have also provided instructions for in the repaint files, that you will need to install BoB Rivera's environment maps from Alternate_GlobalEnvTest.zip available from Avsim, into your main FSX Texture folder in order for the repaint to display as I have intended it.

I hope you enjoy it!


Here are some un-edited screenshots (no shade, hdr, or any other special effects or post-editing) - these screenshots come straight from FSX, with just some cropping.







 
Thank you seems hardly adequate for the time and effort you've put into this paint John but the alternative would be pages of superlatives:encouragement:

Waiting patiently for the mods to authorise it;)
ATB
DaveB:)
 
As always, John, unquestionable accuracy with the skills to "make it so!" Thank you for the model, the paint and the history.

:encouragement::encouragement:
 
Absolutely stunnnnnningggg Sir....

Curious...have you worked with this skin in P3Dv3.1? I'd wager a bet that the real world DR lighting would be magnificent with this file.
 
That is absolutely stunning!!! After marveling the aircraft the entire week at Oshkosh, I can't get over your pure depth of detail!! Your "Screenies" look like Photographs of the real McCoy!!!
 
What's really cool is that I got to see Sierra Sue, the real one, at the FBO I worked at here in Montana. See if I can dig up a picture. We were treated to 2 low approach passes when he departed. Awesome ! Mike :wavey:
 
Some of my pics of the real deal. Mike
 

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Ted and GMan, I don't yet have P3D, but I too would love to see what it might look like in that sim, with even more options to play with.

Thank you all for your responses and kindness! For me, it really is a love affair with the real aircraft, so I had a blast putting this one together. So-far I've only seen the real aircraft in person twice, despite that it is based only about 40-minutes from me (!).

Mike, that is awesome that you were able to get up-close and personal with 'Sierra Sue II' when it was out there in Montana! The owner, Paul Ehlen, bases the aircraft at the Flying Cloud Airport in Eden Prairie, Minnesota (just outside Minneapolis), but he also calls Montana home, and earlier this year he flew the aircraft from Minnesota to Billings, Montana, as I recall, and then later to Minot, North Dakota, and back home again to Minnesota. It would make a nice multi-trip flight to recreate in the sim as well! When home, the aircraft is available to be seen on public display within the Wings of The North history museum hangar, together with Ehlen's AT-6D and N2S Stearman (both also among the most authentic examples of their type flying today). Paul Ehlen also formerly owned/flew the P-51D "Little Horse".


BTW, you can also fly a depiction of Paul Ehlen's AT-6D (N85696) in FSX as well, as I did a repaint of that aircraft too for the Wozza AT-6. Eventually I'd like to do a repaint of Ehlen's historic N2S Stearman for the Vertigo model as well - Paul Ehlen's Stearman, which was also restored by Aircorps Aviation, is documented to have been flown by George Bush Sr. during his primary flight training to become a Naval Aviator while stationed at NAS Minneapolis and South St. Paul, Minnesota in January/February 1942.
 
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What a brilliant piece of work. Thanks for this late X-mas gift, John.

I've always had a tough time deciding which of your many wonderful paints should make my top 5 list but this one has easily slipped in.
As nice as these screenies are, the bird looks much better in the sim which is really saying something. Takes on a very convincing
photoreal quality to complement this fascinating restoration example.

Your Mustang Tales package has proved to be one of my very best addon purchases this year.
 
Thank you very much John, the level of detail and research in your paints and the WarbirdSim products are outstanding.:applause:
Happy New Year!:biggrin-new:

Quick edit: Just tried it in P3dv3.1 & the dynamic reflections work without any problem.:encouragement:
 
Ted and GMan, I don't yet have P3D, but I too would love to see what it might look like in that sim, with even more options to play with.

Just a HU John, I've installed the texture set in P3DV 3.1. Everything checks out perfectly with no anomalies.

The main thing I've seen with Dynamic Reflections is the overall effect which is typically less "aggressive" than the intended look when using the custom GlobalEnvmap. This particular cube map has characteristics that amplify the "Jersey Chrome" effect that very effectively represents highly polished surfaces.

The DR effects are extremely effective, but it takes a bit of adjustment when we have become accustomed to viewing our skins in the previous modality. Most notable are the nuances of the skin accurately representing a dense cloud cover below the aircraft. The accurate reflection on the under surfaces is quite different than when using static cube maps, but extremely immersive.

As LM continues to develop the DR option, I'm confident that sliders may be added to enhance RGB or contrast, giving the user a bit more flexibility.

One short term approach would be to develop skins that are tuned specifically to 3.1, but this would create yet another requirement for developers who are already dealing with numerous updates that supersede previous adaptations.

With regard to your skins, I don't see any need....at all...to make any accommodations for DR lighting. This airplane is absolutely gorgeous utilizing dynamic lighting and reflections.

Thank you for yet another beautiful release.
 
Thanks again guys for your replies and feedback!

I never really clarified in my original post, but one of the main motivations I had for this repaint was depicting the aluminum shine and reflectivity correctly. While some have assumed that the shiny aluminum on the restored "Sierra Sue II" is polished, it actually is not at all. Just as in original P-51 production, Alclad was provided in mill-clad finishes of both shiny and dull, and those same original Alclad finishes were reproduced/used on the new skins in the restoration, so that it would look precisely as new Mustangs looked leaving the factory. Over time, the aircraft will gain more patina. The biggest challenge for me was to make the textures have those same properties - to be shiny and reflective enough, but also not simply look polished - and I did a lot of back-and-forth experimenting to get the look I wanted.

Here is a good example of this...

If you view this photo, and others of the aircraft under similar light conditions, you might think the surface of the aluminum is polished: https://www.flickr.com/photos/132319375@N04/19968049450/sizes/k/
However, when you take a closer look, and/or view the aircraft under different light conditions, you can tell that it isn't polished at all: https://www.flickr.com/photos/126942697@N02/19991849962/sizes/k/

Also note that in the last photo linked above, the rivets appear darker compared to the aluminum, where as in this photo, showing the aircraft under different lighting and angles of reflection, the rivets appear much brighter than the metal: https://www.flickr.com/photos/pmarkham/17444157053/sizes/k/ This too, took me some time to experiment with in order to achieve this same effect under the different lighting and angles of reflection (the same properties hold true with some of the dull panels compared to the shiny panels).


As seen in the sim, under this lighting/reflection scenario, the rivets appear darker than the metal:



While under a different lighting/reflection scenario, the rivets appear lighter than the metal:





 
BTW, can you spot the one blue rivet on the left side of the canopy in the above shots? There are a few more around the engine cowls and on the other side of the canopy, as well as few more around the radiator intake, but most of the blue rivets can be found on the flaps, ailerons, landing gear doors, and fuel cell doors (the vast majority of which were hand placed to match the restored aircraft). Throughout the entire airframe, there is a constant random assortment of both silver (anodized) and yellow (iridite) rivets. All of the rivets were manufactured new for this restoration (and others), to original wartime specifications - they differ in appearance compared to modern rivets (in the restoration of "Upupa Epops", they also did the same, contracting a production run of WWII-spec rivets just for that restoration as well).

If you look close enough, you can spot all of these types of details in the repaint:







 
'Sierra Sue II' is actually not the only surviving combat vet from the 370th FG still flying - another is 'The Brat III', owned/operated by the Cavanaugh Flight Museum in Texas. Although the two aircraft served with different squadrons (the 401st and 402nd), both were based at the same forward/advanced airfield at Gütersloh, Germany in the final weeks/days of the war in Europe, as part of the 370th FG of the 9th AF. 'The Brat III' ended up going to the Swedish AF as well, just like 'Sierra Sue II', but they would forever part ways after that - 'The Brat' going to the Dominican AF, and 'SSII' going to the Nicaraguan AF.

Not only are both of these aircraft very rare for having flown combat missions during WWII, and still flying today, but they are even rarer for actually being painted in the same markings they originally carried during the war. Ever since 'Sierra Sue II' was completed, I thought it would be wonderful to see these two aircraft featured together/reunited in some air-to-air photography - fortunately with FSX, however, I no longer have to wait. ; )





 
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