Capt. Winters
Charter Member
Some more US aircraft.
Consolidated B24J-161 Liberator.
================================
Unit: 43rd BG, 65th BS.
5th USAAF.
'Cocktail Hour'
Serial number: 44-40428,
Port Moresby,
New Guinea.
1944.
5th Air Force Operational History.
14 B-17 Flying Fortresses that survived the Battle of the Philippines left Mindanao for Darwin, Australia, between 17 and 20 December 1941, the only aircraft of the Far East Air Force to escape. After its evacuation from the Philippines on 24 December 1941, FEAF headquarters moved to Australia and was reorganised and redesignated Fifth Air Force on 5 February 1942, with most of its combat aircraft based on fields on Java. It seemed at the time that the Japanese were advancing just about everywhere. The remaining heavy bombers of the 19th Bombardment Group, based at Malang on Java, flew missions against the Japanese in an attempt to stop their advance. They were joined in January and February, two or three at a time, by 37 B-17Es and 12 LB-30s of the 7th Bombardment Group. The small force of bombers, never numbering more than 20 operational at any time, could do little to prevent the invasion of the Netherlands East Indies, launching valiant but futile attacks against the masses of Japanese shipping, with six lost in combat, six in accidents, and 26 destroyed on the ground.
The 7th Bombardment Group was withdrawn to India in March 1942, leaving the 19th to carry on as the only B-17 Fortress-equipped group in the South Pacific. About this time it was decided that replacement B-17s would not be sent to the southwest Pacific, but be sent exclusively to the Eighth Air Force which was building up in England. By May, Fifth Air Force's surviving personnel and aircraft were detached to other commands and the headquarters remained unmanned for several months, but elements played a small part in the Battle of the Coral Sea 7th and 8th May 1942, when the 435th Bomb Squadron of the 19th Bomb Group saw the Japanese fleet gathering in Rabaul area nearly two weeks before the battle actually took place. Because of the reconnaissance activity of the 435th Bomb Squadron, the US Navy was prepared to cope adequately with the situation. The squadron was commended by the US Navy for its valuable assistance not only for its excellent reconnaissance work but for the part played in the battle.
Headquarters Fifth Air Force was restaffed at Brisbane, Australia on 18 September 1942 and placed under the command of Major General George Kenney. United States Army Air Forces units in Australia, including Fifth Air Force, were eventually reinforced and re-organised following their initial defeats in the Philippines and the East Indies. At the time that Kenney had arrived, Fifth Air Force was equipped with three fighter groups and 5 bombardment groups.
In addition, Fifth Air Force controlled two transport squadrons and one photographic squadron comprising 1,602 officers and 18,116 men.
Kenney was later appointed commander of Allied air forces in the South West Pacific Area, reporting directly to General Douglas MacArthur. Under Kenney's leadership, the Fifth Air Force and Royal Australian Air Force provided the aerial spearhead for MacArthur's island hopping campaign.
When the war ended, Fifth Air Force had an unmatched record of 3,445 aerial victories, led by the nation's two top fighter aces Major Richard Bong and Major Thomas McGuire, with 40 and 38 confirmed victories respectively, and two of Fifth Air Force's ten Medal of Honor recipients.
North American B-25J Mitchell
=====================================
Unit: 81st. BS. The Battering Rams, 12th. BG.
12th USAAF.
India - China
May 1945.
The B-25J 'SUNDAY PUNCH' which was built as a B25J 27NC in 1945. The workers at the K25 Plant, one of the top secret Manhattan Project facilities in Oak Ridge, TN, donated their Sunday overtime pay to buy a B-25J for the war effort. Christened 'SUNDAY PUNCH', the aircraft was turned over to the USAAF at a dedication ceremony on March 18, 1945 at the airport in Knoxville, TN.
'SUNDAY PUNCH' served in the China-Burma-India Theater of war (CBI) with the 81st. Bomb Squadron (The Battering Rams), 12th Bomb Group (the Earthquakers), 10th Air Force, at an airfield in India and then latter in China.
The original crew of 'SUNDAY PUNCH' was Pilot Lt. Thomas Evans, Co-Pilot Lt. Paul DuQuette, Navigator Lt. Lee Fong, Radio-Gunner Staff Sgt. Harlan Mize, Engineer-Gunner Staff Sgt. Vern Rife, Jr. and Armorer-Gunner Staff Sgt. Fred Williams.
'SUNDAY PUNCH' took part in one of the longest B-25 missions of the war, flying 1600 miles to hit Ban Takli Airfield near Bankok, Thailand.
This aircraft was last seen on an airfield in China, where it was turned over to the Nationalist Chinese in 1945 after the war ended.
North American B-25J Mitchell
=====================================
Unit: 498th.BS. Falcons, 345th. BG.
serial:112
Port Moresby,
New Guinea.
1943.
The 345th Bomb Group was activated on November 11, 1942, in Columbia, South Carolina, by Third Air Force order No. 275, and four squadrons designated 498, 499, 500, 501 assigned to it. The 345th started with 40 officers and 350 enlisted men, commanded by Jarred V. Crabb. Full strength, the 345th would contain 250 officers and 1250 enlisted men.
The first two weeks were spent on paperwork and administrative details. The first B-25 arrived in late November, 1942, which enabled the 345th to start training right away. From Columbia they moved to Aiken and then Walterboro, SC. The group was originally trained as a Medium Bomb Squadron, which should have relegated it to bombing enemy targets from 8,000 to 12,000 feet. However, events in the Pacific were to dramatically change the 345th's missions.
In Australia, at a rear base of the Fifth Air Force, Major Paul 'Pappy' Gunn was experimenting on B-25's. Gunn removed the bombardier-navigator from the greenhouse nose, covered it with metal plates and mounted eight .50 caliber guns. The B-25 'Strafer' had been born. The strafer was a brilliant weapon for use against enemy airbases and sea power, so vital to the war in the Pacific. The 345th's original destination was England, but on April 6, 1943, these orders were canceled, as Fifth Air Force commander Major General George C. Kenny had come to Washington to plead for more B-25's, backed up by recent strafer successes in the Bismarck Sea. The 345th picked up new aircraft in Savannah (Hunter Field) then back to Walterboro, where names were chosen for the squadrons. The 498th became the 'Falcons,' the 499th the 'Bats outa Hell,' the 500th the 'Rough Raiders,' and the 501st called themselves the 'Black Panthers.'
The group then flew to El Paso, Texas and then on to McClellan. At the end of April, they moved to Hamilton Field north of San Francisco, and on May 1 they made the thirteen hour flight to Hickam and Bellows Fields in Hawaii. From there they flew to Christmas Island, then some flew to American Somoa while others flew to Canton Island. Then on to Fiji, New Caledonia and then to Australia. By June, 1943, the 345th had moved to Port Moresby, New Guinea and had entered combat.
North American B-25H Mitchell
=====================================
Unit: 498th.BS. Falcons, 345th. BG.
serial:343 45
Nadzab, New Guinea,
1944.
Built by North American Aviation and used from mid 1944 and into 1945, this series of the B-25 contained a 75mm cannon in the nose, hand loaded by the navigator cannoneer, that was fired by the pilot simultaneously along with four .50cal. machine guns also mounted in the nose, plus either two or four more machine guns mounted in blister packages on the sides of the cockpit. Designed primarily to be used for interdiction work against shipping and other fortified targets where a cannon could be deadly, the H series was the final development of testing begun by 'Pappy' Gunn in the Pacific and first implemented in the B-25C1 Commerce Strafers.
The production B-25G that followed first employed the 75mm cannon (the M-4) and was initially known as a fighter-bomber, before the AAF adopted that term for bombing fighters. The later B-25H retained the cannon, albeit a lighter version the T13E1, which allowed for more forward-firing machine guns, plus additional armor plating to protect the crew.
The B-25H ended up not being used as much as planned. This was in principle due to its configuration as an attack bomber and changes in AAF tactics, its lack of factory dual controls, higher maintenance due to the wear and tear caused by the cannon, and a widespread lack of targets of the type needing the cannon, such as low altitude bombing missons common in mid and late 1944 in the Pacific.
Although tested by a variety of combat groups in mid 1944, those B-25H models that remained in combat were used by a few squadrons who specialised in this type of use, particularly in the South and Southwest Pacific and in Southeast Asia. The units that made more extensive use of the B-25H include, the 100th BS of 42nd BG 13th Air Force, the 498th BS of the 345th BG, squadrons of the 38th BG, plus the 418th Night Fighter Squadron, all of the 5th Air Force, squadrons of the 341st BG of the 10th and 14th Air Forces in Southeast Asia, plus the 1st Air Commando Group of the 10th Air Force and by the Marine Corps in the Central Pacific.
B-25C Mitchell
=====================================
Unit: Doolittle carrier bourne strike force.
aircraft number 11 of the 89th RS.
Flown off USS Hornet.
Pilot: Capt. C. Ross Greening
serial: 02249
April 1942.
40-2249 Hari Kari'er of the 89th RS attacked Yokohama and went onto crash land NE of Chuchow, China.
The Doolittle Raid, on 18 April 1942, was the first air raid by the United States to strike the Japanese Home Islands during World War II. By demonstrating that Japan itself was vulnerable to American air attack, it provided a vital morale boost and opportunity for U.S. retaliation after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. The raid was planned and led by then Lieutenant Colonel James 'Jimmy' Doolittle, USAAF. Doolittle would later recount in his autobiography that the raid was intended to bolster American morale and to cause the Japanese to begin doubting their leadership.
The Japanese people had been told they were invulnerable. An attack on the Japanese homeland would cause confusion in the minds of the Japanese people and sow doubt about the reliability of their leaders. There was a second, and equally important, psychological reason for this attack was Americans badly needed a morale boost.
Sixteen U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 Mitchell medium bombers were launched from the U.S. Navy's aircraft carrier USS Hornet deep in the Western Pacific Ocean. The plan called for them to bomb military targets in Japan, and to continue westward to land in China landing a medium bomber on the Hornet was impossible. All of the aircraft involved in the bombing were lost and 11 crewmen were either killed or captured with three of the captured men executed by the Japanese Army in China. One of the B-25s landed in the Soviet Union at Vladivostok, where it was confiscated and its crew interned for more than a year. Thirteen entire crews, and all but one crewman of a 14th, returned either to the United States or to American forces.
The raid caused negligible material damage to Japan, but it succeeded in its goal of helping American morale, and casting doubt in Japan on the ability of the Japanese military leaders. It also caused Japan to withdraw its powerful aircraft carrier force from the Indian Ocean to defend their Home Islands, and the raid contributed to Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's decision to attack Midway an attack that turned into a decisive rout of the Imperial Japanese Navy by the U.S. Navy near Midway Island in the Central Pacific.
Approximately 250,000 Chinese civilians were massacred by the Japanese Army in eastern China in retaliation for Chinese assistance of the attacking American aviators.
Consolidated B24J-161 Liberator.
================================
Unit: 43rd BG, 65th BS.
5th USAAF.
'Cocktail Hour'
Serial number: 44-40428,
Port Moresby,
New Guinea.
1944.
5th Air Force Operational History.
14 B-17 Flying Fortresses that survived the Battle of the Philippines left Mindanao for Darwin, Australia, between 17 and 20 December 1941, the only aircraft of the Far East Air Force to escape. After its evacuation from the Philippines on 24 December 1941, FEAF headquarters moved to Australia and was reorganised and redesignated Fifth Air Force on 5 February 1942, with most of its combat aircraft based on fields on Java. It seemed at the time that the Japanese were advancing just about everywhere. The remaining heavy bombers of the 19th Bombardment Group, based at Malang on Java, flew missions against the Japanese in an attempt to stop their advance. They were joined in January and February, two or three at a time, by 37 B-17Es and 12 LB-30s of the 7th Bombardment Group. The small force of bombers, never numbering more than 20 operational at any time, could do little to prevent the invasion of the Netherlands East Indies, launching valiant but futile attacks against the masses of Japanese shipping, with six lost in combat, six in accidents, and 26 destroyed on the ground.
The 7th Bombardment Group was withdrawn to India in March 1942, leaving the 19th to carry on as the only B-17 Fortress-equipped group in the South Pacific. About this time it was decided that replacement B-17s would not be sent to the southwest Pacific, but be sent exclusively to the Eighth Air Force which was building up in England. By May, Fifth Air Force's surviving personnel and aircraft were detached to other commands and the headquarters remained unmanned for several months, but elements played a small part in the Battle of the Coral Sea 7th and 8th May 1942, when the 435th Bomb Squadron of the 19th Bomb Group saw the Japanese fleet gathering in Rabaul area nearly two weeks before the battle actually took place. Because of the reconnaissance activity of the 435th Bomb Squadron, the US Navy was prepared to cope adequately with the situation. The squadron was commended by the US Navy for its valuable assistance not only for its excellent reconnaissance work but for the part played in the battle.
Headquarters Fifth Air Force was restaffed at Brisbane, Australia on 18 September 1942 and placed under the command of Major General George Kenney. United States Army Air Forces units in Australia, including Fifth Air Force, were eventually reinforced and re-organised following their initial defeats in the Philippines and the East Indies. At the time that Kenney had arrived, Fifth Air Force was equipped with three fighter groups and 5 bombardment groups.
In addition, Fifth Air Force controlled two transport squadrons and one photographic squadron comprising 1,602 officers and 18,116 men.
Kenney was later appointed commander of Allied air forces in the South West Pacific Area, reporting directly to General Douglas MacArthur. Under Kenney's leadership, the Fifth Air Force and Royal Australian Air Force provided the aerial spearhead for MacArthur's island hopping campaign.
When the war ended, Fifth Air Force had an unmatched record of 3,445 aerial victories, led by the nation's two top fighter aces Major Richard Bong and Major Thomas McGuire, with 40 and 38 confirmed victories respectively, and two of Fifth Air Force's ten Medal of Honor recipients.
North American B-25J Mitchell
=====================================
Unit: 81st. BS. The Battering Rams, 12th. BG.
12th USAAF.
India - China
May 1945.
The B-25J 'SUNDAY PUNCH' which was built as a B25J 27NC in 1945. The workers at the K25 Plant, one of the top secret Manhattan Project facilities in Oak Ridge, TN, donated their Sunday overtime pay to buy a B-25J for the war effort. Christened 'SUNDAY PUNCH', the aircraft was turned over to the USAAF at a dedication ceremony on March 18, 1945 at the airport in Knoxville, TN.
'SUNDAY PUNCH' served in the China-Burma-India Theater of war (CBI) with the 81st. Bomb Squadron (The Battering Rams), 12th Bomb Group (the Earthquakers), 10th Air Force, at an airfield in India and then latter in China.
The original crew of 'SUNDAY PUNCH' was Pilot Lt. Thomas Evans, Co-Pilot Lt. Paul DuQuette, Navigator Lt. Lee Fong, Radio-Gunner Staff Sgt. Harlan Mize, Engineer-Gunner Staff Sgt. Vern Rife, Jr. and Armorer-Gunner Staff Sgt. Fred Williams.
'SUNDAY PUNCH' took part in one of the longest B-25 missions of the war, flying 1600 miles to hit Ban Takli Airfield near Bankok, Thailand.
This aircraft was last seen on an airfield in China, where it was turned over to the Nationalist Chinese in 1945 after the war ended.
North American B-25J Mitchell
=====================================
Unit: 498th.BS. Falcons, 345th. BG.
serial:112
Port Moresby,
New Guinea.
1943.
The 345th Bomb Group was activated on November 11, 1942, in Columbia, South Carolina, by Third Air Force order No. 275, and four squadrons designated 498, 499, 500, 501 assigned to it. The 345th started with 40 officers and 350 enlisted men, commanded by Jarred V. Crabb. Full strength, the 345th would contain 250 officers and 1250 enlisted men.
The first two weeks were spent on paperwork and administrative details. The first B-25 arrived in late November, 1942, which enabled the 345th to start training right away. From Columbia they moved to Aiken and then Walterboro, SC. The group was originally trained as a Medium Bomb Squadron, which should have relegated it to bombing enemy targets from 8,000 to 12,000 feet. However, events in the Pacific were to dramatically change the 345th's missions.
In Australia, at a rear base of the Fifth Air Force, Major Paul 'Pappy' Gunn was experimenting on B-25's. Gunn removed the bombardier-navigator from the greenhouse nose, covered it with metal plates and mounted eight .50 caliber guns. The B-25 'Strafer' had been born. The strafer was a brilliant weapon for use against enemy airbases and sea power, so vital to the war in the Pacific. The 345th's original destination was England, but on April 6, 1943, these orders were canceled, as Fifth Air Force commander Major General George C. Kenny had come to Washington to plead for more B-25's, backed up by recent strafer successes in the Bismarck Sea. The 345th picked up new aircraft in Savannah (Hunter Field) then back to Walterboro, where names were chosen for the squadrons. The 498th became the 'Falcons,' the 499th the 'Bats outa Hell,' the 500th the 'Rough Raiders,' and the 501st called themselves the 'Black Panthers.'
The group then flew to El Paso, Texas and then on to McClellan. At the end of April, they moved to Hamilton Field north of San Francisco, and on May 1 they made the thirteen hour flight to Hickam and Bellows Fields in Hawaii. From there they flew to Christmas Island, then some flew to American Somoa while others flew to Canton Island. Then on to Fiji, New Caledonia and then to Australia. By June, 1943, the 345th had moved to Port Moresby, New Guinea and had entered combat.
North American B-25H Mitchell
=====================================
Unit: 498th.BS. Falcons, 345th. BG.
serial:343 45
Nadzab, New Guinea,
1944.
Built by North American Aviation and used from mid 1944 and into 1945, this series of the B-25 contained a 75mm cannon in the nose, hand loaded by the navigator cannoneer, that was fired by the pilot simultaneously along with four .50cal. machine guns also mounted in the nose, plus either two or four more machine guns mounted in blister packages on the sides of the cockpit. Designed primarily to be used for interdiction work against shipping and other fortified targets where a cannon could be deadly, the H series was the final development of testing begun by 'Pappy' Gunn in the Pacific and first implemented in the B-25C1 Commerce Strafers.
The production B-25G that followed first employed the 75mm cannon (the M-4) and was initially known as a fighter-bomber, before the AAF adopted that term for bombing fighters. The later B-25H retained the cannon, albeit a lighter version the T13E1, which allowed for more forward-firing machine guns, plus additional armor plating to protect the crew.
The B-25H ended up not being used as much as planned. This was in principle due to its configuration as an attack bomber and changes in AAF tactics, its lack of factory dual controls, higher maintenance due to the wear and tear caused by the cannon, and a widespread lack of targets of the type needing the cannon, such as low altitude bombing missons common in mid and late 1944 in the Pacific.
Although tested by a variety of combat groups in mid 1944, those B-25H models that remained in combat were used by a few squadrons who specialised in this type of use, particularly in the South and Southwest Pacific and in Southeast Asia. The units that made more extensive use of the B-25H include, the 100th BS of 42nd BG 13th Air Force, the 498th BS of the 345th BG, squadrons of the 38th BG, plus the 418th Night Fighter Squadron, all of the 5th Air Force, squadrons of the 341st BG of the 10th and 14th Air Forces in Southeast Asia, plus the 1st Air Commando Group of the 10th Air Force and by the Marine Corps in the Central Pacific.
B-25C Mitchell
=====================================
Unit: Doolittle carrier bourne strike force.
aircraft number 11 of the 89th RS.
Flown off USS Hornet.
Pilot: Capt. C. Ross Greening
serial: 02249
April 1942.
40-2249 Hari Kari'er of the 89th RS attacked Yokohama and went onto crash land NE of Chuchow, China.
The Doolittle Raid, on 18 April 1942, was the first air raid by the United States to strike the Japanese Home Islands during World War II. By demonstrating that Japan itself was vulnerable to American air attack, it provided a vital morale boost and opportunity for U.S. retaliation after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. The raid was planned and led by then Lieutenant Colonel James 'Jimmy' Doolittle, USAAF. Doolittle would later recount in his autobiography that the raid was intended to bolster American morale and to cause the Japanese to begin doubting their leadership.
The Japanese people had been told they were invulnerable. An attack on the Japanese homeland would cause confusion in the minds of the Japanese people and sow doubt about the reliability of their leaders. There was a second, and equally important, psychological reason for this attack was Americans badly needed a morale boost.
Sixteen U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 Mitchell medium bombers were launched from the U.S. Navy's aircraft carrier USS Hornet deep in the Western Pacific Ocean. The plan called for them to bomb military targets in Japan, and to continue westward to land in China landing a medium bomber on the Hornet was impossible. All of the aircraft involved in the bombing were lost and 11 crewmen were either killed or captured with three of the captured men executed by the Japanese Army in China. One of the B-25s landed in the Soviet Union at Vladivostok, where it was confiscated and its crew interned for more than a year. Thirteen entire crews, and all but one crewman of a 14th, returned either to the United States or to American forces.
The raid caused negligible material damage to Japan, but it succeeded in its goal of helping American morale, and casting doubt in Japan on the ability of the Japanese military leaders. It also caused Japan to withdraw its powerful aircraft carrier force from the Indian Ocean to defend their Home Islands, and the raid contributed to Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's decision to attack Midway an attack that turned into a decisive rout of the Imperial Japanese Navy by the U.S. Navy near Midway Island in the Central Pacific.
Approximately 250,000 Chinese civilians were massacred by the Japanese Army in eastern China in retaliation for Chinese assistance of the attacking American aviators.